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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates (Policies)
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Dec. 31, 2014
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| Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates [Abstract] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Principles of Consolidation |
Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. |
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| Use of Estimates |
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. For the Company, these estimates include, but are not limited to: revenue recognition, deferred revenue and the deferral of the associated costs, useful lives assigned to long-lived assets, realizability of deferred tax assets, valuation of common and preferred stock warrants, the valuation of options and warrants, and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates. |
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| Foreign Currency Translation |
Foreign Currency Translation
The Company uses the U.S. dollar as its functional currency. Since some of the Company's transactions are executed in various non-U.S. dollar currencies, the Company converts these transactions into U.S. dollars for reporting purposes. Foreign exchange transaction gains and losses are included in other income (expense), in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. Amounts of such gains and losses were not significant through December 31, 2014. |
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| Comprehensive Income/(Loss) |
Comprehensive Income/(Loss)
Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 220, Comprehensive Income requires that an entity's change in equity (or net assets) be reported if it arises from transactions and other events having non-owner sources. Comprehensive loss for the periods presented was comprised solely of the Company's consolidated net loss. The comprehensive loss for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012 was $33,769, $11,887, and 15,042, respectively. There were no changes in equity that were excluded from the Company's consolidated net loss for all periods presented. |
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| Cash and Cash Equivalents |
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company's cash is deposited in bank accounts with the Company's primary cash management bank. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents in highly liquid instruments with, and in the custody of, financial institutions with high credit ratings and limits the amounts invested with any one institution, type of security and issuer. The Company did not have any cash equivalents or investments in money market funds as of December 31, 2014 and 2013. |
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| Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties |
Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties
Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and accounts receivable. We maintain our cash accounts in excess of federally insured limits. However, we believe we are not exposed to significant credit risk due to the financial position of the depository institutions in which these deposits are held. We extend credit to customers in the normal course of business and perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable exist to the full extent of amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements. We do not require collateral from our customers to secure accounts receivable.
Accounts receivable are derived from the sale of products shipped and services performed for customers located in the U.S. and throughout the world. Invoices are aged based on contractual terms with the customer. We review accounts receivable for collectability and provide an allowance for credit losses, as needed. We have not experienced any material losses related to accounts receivable as of December 31, 2014 and December 31, 2013. Many of the sales contracts with customers outside of the U.S. are settled in a foreign currency other than the U.S. dollar. We do not enter into any foreign currency hedging agreements and are susceptible to gains and losses from foreign currency fluctuations. To date, we have not experienced significant gains or losses upon settling foreign contracts.
In 2014, the Company had two customers with accounts receivable balances totaling 10% or more of the Company's total accounts receivable (22% and 11%), compared with two customers in 2013 (25% and 17%).
In 2014, the Company had one customer with billed revenue balances of 10% or more of the Company's total customer revenue (12%), compared with two customers in 2013 (19% and 10%) and four customers in 2012 (14%, 13%, 12% and 11%). |
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| Note Receivable |
Note Receivable
The Company has a note receivable from a customer for $101, with an annual interest rate of 5% that matures on September 30, 2015 and principal payments based on future purchases. The $101 is included as a component of prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. |
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| Inventories, net |
Inventories, net
Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost or market value. Cost is principally determined using the average cost method. Parts from vendors are received and recorded as raw material. Once the raw materials are incorporated in the fabrication of the product, the related value of the component is recorded as work in progress (“WIP”). Direct and indirect labor and applicable overhead costs are also allocated and recorded to WIP inventory. Finished goods are comprised of completed products that are ready for customer shipment. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of inventory on hand for potential excess amounts over sales and forecasted demand. Excess and obsolete inventories identified are recorded as an inventory impairment charge to the consolidated statement of operations. |
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| Property and Equipment |
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally ranging from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful life of ten years or the related terms of the lease.
The costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred, while expenditures for refurbishments and improvements that significantly add to the productive capacity or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. When assets are retired or sold, the asset cost and related accumulated depreciation or amortization are removed from the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, with any gain or loss reflected in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. We have evaluated our lease obligations and do not have any material asset retirement obligations.
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| Impairment of Long-Lived Assets |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from their use or eventual disposition. The Company's long-lived assets subject to this evaluation include only property and equipment. If estimates of future undiscounted net cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying value of the assets, the Company will record an impairment loss in the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value. If the assets are determined to be recoverable, but the useful lives are shorter than originally estimated, the Company will depreciate or amortize the net book value of the assets over the newly determined remaining useful lives. For each of the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, none of the Company's property and equipment was determined to be impaired. Accordingly, no impairment loss has been recognized. |
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| Convertible Debt Instruments |
Convertible Debt Instruments
The Company accounts for hybrid contracts that feature conversion options in accordance with applicable GAAP. ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging Activities, (“ASC 815”) requires companies to bifurcate conversion options from their host instruments and account for them as free standing derivative financial instruments according to certain criteria. The criteria includes circumstances in which (a) the economic characteristics and risks of the embedded derivative instrument are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics and risks of the host contract, (b) the hybrid instrument that embodies both the embedded derivative instrument and the host contract is not re-measured at fair value under otherwise applicable generally accepted accounting principles with changes in fair value reported in earnings as they occur and (c) a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded derivative instrument would be considered a derivative instrument.
Conversion options that contain variable settlement features such as provisions to adjust the conversion price upon subsequent issuances of equity or equity linked securities at exercise prices more favorable than that featured in the hybrid contract generally result in their bifurcation from the host instrument.
The Company accounts for convertible instruments, when the Company has determined that the embedded conversion options should not be bifurcated from their host instruments, in accordance with ASC 470-20, Debt with Conversion and Other Options (“ASC 470-20”). Under ASC 470-20, the Company records, when necessary, discounts to convertible notes for the intrinsic value of conversion options embedded in debt instruments based upon the differences between the fair value of the underlying common stock at the commitment date of the note transaction and the effective conversion price embedded in the note. The Company accounts for convertible instruments (when the Company has determined that the embedded conversion options should be bifurcated from their host instruments) in accordance with ASC 815. Under ASC 815, a portion of the proceeds received upon the issuance of the hybrid contract are allocated to the fair value of the derivative. The derivative is subsequently marked to market at each reporting date based on current fair value, with the changes in fair value reported in results of operations.
The Company also follows ASC 480-10, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480-10”) in its evaluation of the accounting for a hybrid instrument. A financial instrument that embodies an unconditional obligation, or a financial instrument other than an outstanding share that embodies a conditional obligation, that the issuer must or may settle by issuing a variable number of its equity shares shall be classified as a liability (or an asset in some circumstances) if, at inception, the monetary value of the obligation is based solely or predominantly on any one of the following: (a) a fixed monetary amount known at inception (for example, a payable settleable with a variable number of the issuer's equity shares); (b) variations in something other than the fair value of the issuer's equity shares (for example, a financial instrument indexed to the Standard and Poor's S&P 500 Index and settleable with a variable number of the issuer's equity shares); or (c) variations inversely related to changes in the fair value of the issuer's equity shares (for example, a written put option that could be net share settled). Hybrid instruments meeting these criteria are not further evaluated for any embedded derivatives, and are carried as a liability at fair value at each balance sheet date with remeasurements reported in interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
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| Warrants Issued in Connection with Financings |
Warrants Issued in Connection with Financings
The Company accounts for freestanding warrants issued in connection with debt and equity financings as a component of equity, unless the warrants include a conditional obligation to issue a variable number of shares or there is a deemed possibility that the Company may need to settle the warrants in cash. For warrants issued with a conditional obligation to issue a variable number of shares or the deemed possibility of a cash settlement, the Company records the fair value of the warrants as a liability at each balance sheet date and records changes in fair value in other income (expense) in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. |
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| Common Stock Warrants |
Common Stock Warrants
We accounted for the common stock warrants issued in connection with our Merger (see Note 3, The Merger, Offering and Other Related Matters) in accordance with the guidance in ASC 815-40. Under ASC 815-40, the warrants at the time of the Merger did not meet the criteria for equity treatment and were recorded as a liability. The warrants had an anti-dilution clause on issuance that allowed for a decrease in the exercise price of the warrants if the Company issued additional shares of common stock without consideration or for consideration per share less than the common stock warrant's exercise price. Accordingly, we classified the warrant instruments as liabilities at their fair market value at the date of the Merger and re-measured the warrants at each balance sheet date through November 2014.
The fair value of the warrant liability at each applicable date was determined using the binomial lattice pricing model. This model is dependent upon several variables such as the instrument's term, expected strike price, current stock price, risk-free interest rate estimated over the expected term, and the estimated volatility of our stock over the term of the warrant. The expected strike price is estimated based on a weighted average probability analysis of the strike price changes expected during the term as a result of the anti-dilution clause in the agreement. The risk-free rate is based on U.S. Treasury securities with similar maturities as the expected terms of the warrants. The volatility is estimated based on blending the volatility rates for a number of similar publicly-traded companies. In November 2014, the holders of a majority of the then outstanding warrants approved an amendment to remove the price-based anti-dilution provisions in the warrants. As a result, the warrants are no longer recorded as a liability and effective November 2014 they met the criteria for equity treatment (see Note 13, Capitalization and Equity Structure - Warrants). |
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| Fair Value of Financial Instruments |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company records its consolidated financial assets and liabilities at fair value. The accounting standard for fair value provides a framework for measuring fair value, and defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the reporting date. The accounting standard establishes a three-tier hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
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| Deferred Rent |
Deferred Rent
Deferred rent consists of the difference between cash payments and the recognition of rent expense on a straight-line basis over the life of the lease. |
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| Revenue and Cost of Revenue Recognition |
Revenue and Cost of Revenue Recognition
When collaboration, other research arrangements and product sales include multiple-element revenue arrangements, the Company accounts for these transactions by identifying the elements, or deliverables, included in the arrangement and determining which deliverables are separable for accounting purposes. The Company considers delivered items to be a separate unit of accounting if the delivered item(s) have stand-alone value to the customer and delivery or performance of the undelivered item is considered probable and substantially in the control of the Company.
The Company recognizes revenue when the four basic criteria of revenue recognition are met:
Beginning with the commercialization of our medical device units as discussed below in 2012, the Company began to recognize revenue from the sales of units and related services.
Medical Device Revenue and Cost of Revenue Recognition
The Company builds medical devices called the Ekso for sale and capitalizes into inventory materials, direct and indirect labor and overhead in connection with manufacture and assembly of these units.
In a typical Ekso sales arrangement, the Company is obligated to deliver to the customer the Ekso unit and related software (the software is essential to the unit's functionality), post-sale training, technical support and maintenance. Because of the uniqueness of the Ekso unit and its use, none of these deliverables has standalone value to the customer. Accordingly, once a sales arrangement with a fixed or determinable price and reasonably assured payment is in place, the entire arrangement is accounted for as a single unit of accounting. The total sales price for the delivered and undelivered elements are deferred and amortized to revenue beginning at the completion of training on a straight line basis over the maintenance period, usually three years, which is the last delivered item.
Because of the limited guidance about how to account for costs associated with a delivered item that cannot be separated from the undelivered items, the accounting for such costs must be based on the conceptual framework and analogies to the limited guidance that does exists. Accordingly, the Company accounts for the costs of the delivered items following, by analogy, the guidance in ASC 310-20, Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (“ASC 310-20”). Under this guidance, upon completion of training, the costs capitalized into inventory, including direct material, direct and indirect labor, as well as overhead costs, are deferred and then amortized to costs of sales on the same basis as deferred revenue. The Company's inclusion of indirect labor and overhead costs are included in inventory because, under the conceptual framework, they add value to the Ekso unit and are otherwise appropriate inventory costs. Since the Company has an enforceable contract for the remaining deliverables and the entire arrangement is expected to generate positive margins, realization of the capitalized costs is probable and, as such, deferring and amortizing them on the same basis as deferred revenue is appropriate.
At the time of shipment to the customer, the related inventory is reclassified to deferred cost of revenue where it is amortized to cost of revenue over the same period that revenue is recognized. All costs incurred subsequent to the date of shipment are expensed as incurred. The cost of medical device revenue includes expenses associated with the manufacture and delivery of devices including materials, payroll, benefits, subcontractor expenses, depreciation of manufacturing equipment, excess and obsolete inventory costs, and shipping charges.
Engineering Services Revenue and Cost of Revenue
The Company enters into technology license agreements that typically provide for annual minimum access fees. When these annual minimum payments have separate stand-alone values, the Company recognizes revenue when the technology is transferred or accessed, provided that the technology transferred or accessed is not dependent on the outcome of continuing research and/or other development efforts.
Collaborative arrangements typically consist of cost reimbursements for specific engineering and development spending, and future product royalty payments. Cost reimbursements for engineering and development spending are recognized as the related project labor hours are incurred in relation to all labor hours and when collectability is reasonably assured. Amounts received in advance are recorded as deferred revenue until the technology is transferred, services are rendered, or milestones are reached. Product royalty payments are recorded when earned under the arrangement.
Government grants, which support the Company's research efforts in specific projects, generally provide for reimbursement of approved costs as defined in the notices of grant awards. Grant revenue is recognized as the associated project labor hours are incurred in relation to total labor hours. There are some grants, like the National Science Foundation grants, which the Company draws upon and spends based on budgets preapproved by the grantor.
The cost of engineering services revenue includes payroll and benefits, subcontractor expenses and materials. All costs related to engineering services are expensed as incurred and reported as cost of revenue. |
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| Research and Development |
Research and Development
Research and development costs consist of costs incurred for the Company's own internal research and development activities. These costs primarily include salaries and other personnel-related expenses, contractor fees, facility costs, supplies, and depreciation of equipment associated with the design and development of new products prior to the establishment of their technological feasibility. Such costs are expensed as incurred. |
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| Advertising Costs |
Advertising Costs
Advertising costs are charged to sales and marketing expense as incurred. Advertising expense was $1, $6 and $80 for the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. |
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| Shipping Costs |
Shipping Costs
Amounts billed to customers for shipping costs are recognized as revenue. Costs incurred to ship devices from the Company's manufacturing facility are recorded in cost of revenues. Shipping revenues and costs were immaterial for all periods presented. |
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| Income Taxes |
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, income tax expense or benefit is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and for deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's consolidated financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for any income tax contingencies in accordance with accounting guidance for income taxes. The measurement of current and deferred tax assets and liabilities is based on provisions of currently enacted tax laws. The effects of any future changes in tax laws or rates have not been considered.
For the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements included herein, the Company estimates its income taxes and tax contingencies in each of the tax jurisdictions in which it operates prior to the completion and filing of its tax returns. This process involves estimating actual current tax expense together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as deferred revenue, for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in net deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company must then assess the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be realizable, and to the extent they believe that realizability is not likely, the Company must establish a valuation allowance. In assessing the need for any additional valuation allowance, the Company considers all the evidence available to it, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, legislative developments, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. |
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| Stock-based Compensation |
Stock-based Compensation
The Company measures stock-based compensation expense for all stock-based awards made to employees and directors based on the estimated fair value of the award on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model and recognizes the fair value less estimated forfeitures on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards. Stock-based awards made to non-employees are measured and recognized based on the estimated fair value on the vesting date and are re-measured at each reporting period.
The Company's determination of the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model is affected by the Company's stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to the Company's expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Because there is insufficient information available to estimate the expected term of the stock-based awards, we adopted the simplified method of estimating the expected term pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110. On this basis, we estimated the expected term of options granted by taking the average of the vesting term and the contractual term of the option.
The Company has, from time to time, modified the terms of its stock options to employees. The Company accounts for the incremental increase in the fair value over the original award on the date of the modification as an expense for vested awards or over the remaining service (vesting) period for unvested awards. The incremental compensation cost is the excess of the fair value based measure of the modified award on the date of modification over the fair value of the original award immediately before the modification. |
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| Net loss per share |
Net loss per share
Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of common stock and common stock equivalents outstanding during the period, as follows:
The following potential common shares and warrants outstanding were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share because including them would have been anti-dilutive:
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| Recent Accounting Pronouncements |
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This standard establishes a principle for recognizing revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services. The standard also provides guidance on the recognition of costs related to obtaining and fulfilling customer contracts. The updated guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. Early adoption is not permitted. Management is still in the process of assessing the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In June 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-12, Compensation – Stock Compensation. ASU No. 2014-12 relates to share-based payments in which the terms of the award provide that a performance target that affects vesting that could be achieved after the requisite service period is to be treated as a performance condition. ASU No. 2014-12 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2015 and early adoption is permitted. Management is still in the process of assessing the impact of ASU 2014-12 on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements – Going Concern. Under ASU No. 2014-15, an entity's management is to evaluate whether there are conditions or events, considered in the aggregate, that raise substantial doubt about an entity's ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that financial statements are issued (or within one year after the date that the financial statements are available to be issued when applicable. If such conditions are identified, management is to consider whether its plans that are intended to mitigate those relevant conditions or events will alleviate the substantial doubt, with the findings disclosed in the financial statements of the entity. ASU No. 2014-15 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2016 and early adoption is permitted. Management is still in the process of assessing the impact of ASU 2014-09 on the Company's consolidated financial statements. |
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