Annual report [Section 13 and 15(d), not S-K Item 405]

Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

v3.25.4
Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Consolidation, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Basis of Presentation and Consolidation

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("U.S. GAAP").

 

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of Ekso Bionics Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

Use of Estimates, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. For the Company, these estimates include, but are not limited to, intangible and tangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations, revenue recognition, deferred revenue, the provision for credit losses on accounts receivable, the valuation of warrants, employee equity awards, and phantom performance-based restricted stock units, future warranty costs, accounting for leases, useful lives assigned to long-lived assets, valuation of inventory, realizability of deferred tax assets, and contingencies. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Foreign Currency Transactions and Translations Policy [Policy Text Block]

Foreign Currency

 

The assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries and equity investments, where the local currency is the functional currency, are translated from their respective functional currencies into U.S. dollars at the rates in effect at the balance sheet date and revenue and expense amounts are translated at average rates during the period, with resulting foreign currency translation adjustments recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income as a component of stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses from the re-measurement of balances denominated in currencies other than the entities' functional currencies, are recorded in other expense, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

 

Comprehensive Income, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income

 

The Company's accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income consists of the accumulated net unrealized gains or losses on foreign currency translation adjustments. The change in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income presented on the consolidated balance sheets as of  December 31, 2025 and 2024, is reflected in the table below net of tax:

 

   

Accumulated Other

 
   

Comprehensive

 
   

Income

 

Balance as of December 31, 2023

  $ 156  

Net unrealized gain on foreign currency translation

    801  

Balance as of December 31, 2024

    957  

Net unrealized loss on foreign currency translation

    (1,649 )

Balance as of December 31, 2025

  $ (692 )

 

Concentration Risk, Credit Risk, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Concentration of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties

 

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash and accounts receivable.

 

The Company's cash balances held in domestic banks are deposited into accounts at various financial institutions with each balance under the $250 Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation ("FDIC") insurance limit. The Company has significant cash balances at foreign financial institutions that regularly exceed the applicable country cash deposit insurance limits of approximately $100 at each of the Company's two foreign banks. Any foreign exchange loss incurred or a lack of access to such funds could have a significant adverse impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows.

 

The Company extends credit to customers in the normal course of business. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable exist to the full extent of amounts presented in the consolidated financial statements. The Company does not require collateral from its customers to secure accounts receivable. Accounts receivable are derived from the sale of products shipped and services performed for customers primarily located in the U.S., Europe, and Asia. Invoices are aged based on contractual terms with the customer.

 

Many of the sales contracts with customers outside of the U.S. are settled in a foreign currency other than the U.S. dollar. The Company does not enter into any foreign currency hedging agreements and is susceptible to gains and losses from foreign currency fluctuations. To date, the Company has not experienced significant gains or losses upon settling contracts denominated in a foreign currency.

 

The Company had one customer with an accounts receivable balance totaling 10% or more of the Company's total accounts receivable as of December 31, 2025 (29%), as compared with two customers as of December 31, 2024 (17% and 17%).

 

The Company had two customers with sales of 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue for the year ended  December 31, 2025 (16% and 10%), as compared with one customer for the year ended  December 31, 2024 (17%).

 

Accounts Receivable [Policy Text Block]

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses

 

The Company carries accounts receivable at invoiced amounts less an allowance (or "provision") for credit losses. The Company reviews accounts receivables for collectability and determines an allowance for potential credit losses. The allowance for credit losses on accounts receivables reflects the Company’s best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance based on historical bad debt expense, the aging of the accounts, known troubled accounts, customer payment history, and other currently available evidence. Payment terms and conditions vary by contract type, although terms generally include a requirement of payment within 30 to 120 days. Accounts receivables are charged off after all reasonable means to collect the full amount, including litigation where appropriate, have been exhausted. The Company has not experienced material losses related to accounts receivable during the years ended  December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company's accounts receivable balances, net of allowances, as of December 31, 20252024, and 2023 were $7,308, $7,238 and $5,645, respectively.

 

Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Inventories

 

Inventories are recorded at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is computed using the standard cost method, which approximates actual cost on a first-in, first-out basis. Materials from vendors are received and recorded as raw materials. Once the raw materials are incorporated in the fabrication of the product, the related value of the component is recorded as work in progress ("WIP"). Direct and indirect labor and applicable overhead costs are also allocated and recorded to WIP inventory. Finished goods are comprised of completed products that are ready for customer shipment. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of inventory on hand for potential excess amounts over sales and forecasted demand. Excess and obsolete inventories identified, if any, are recorded as an inventory impairment charge within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company's estimate of write-downs for excess and obsolete inventory is based on a detailed analysis which includes on-hand inventory and purchase commitments in excess of forecasted demand. Subsequent disposals of inventories are recorded as a reduction of inventory.

 

Inventories consisted of the following:

 

   

December 31,

 
   

2025

   

2024

 

Raw materials

  $ 3,593     $ 3,551  

Work in progress

    102       177  

Finished goods

    1,127       843  

Inventories

  $ 4,822     $ 4,571  

 

Lessee, Leases [Policy Text Block]

Leases

 

The Company records its leases in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 842, Leases. At the inception of an arrangement, the Company determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease based on the unique facts and circumstances present. Operating lease liabilities and their corresponding right-of-use assets are recorded based on the present value of lease payments over the expected lease term. The interest rate implicit in lease contracts is typically not readily determinable. As such, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate, which is the rate incurred to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Certain adjustments to the right-of-use asset may be required for items, such as initial direct costs paid or incentives received.

 

Lease expense is recognized over the expected lease term on a straight-line basis. Operating leases are recognized on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets, lease liabilities current and lease liabilities non-current.

 

Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet. The Company recognizes the lease expense for such leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

 

Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Property and Equipment, net

 

Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally ranging from three to 10 years. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful life or the related term of the lease. The costs of repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred, while expenditures for refurbishments and improvements that significantly add to the productive capacity or extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. 

 

The Company assesses the impairment of long-lived assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying value may not be recoverable from the estimated future cash flows expected to result from the Company’s use or eventual disposition. If estimates of future undiscounted net cash flows are insufficient to recover the carrying value of the assets, the Company will record an impairment loss in the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value. If the assets are determined to be recoverable, but the useful lives are shorter than originally estimated, the Company will depreciate or amortize the net book value of the assets over the newly determined remaining useful lives. None of the Company’s property and equipment were impaired as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. No impairment loss has been recognized in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.

 

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Goodwill, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Goodwill

 

The Company records goodwill when the purchase price of an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and identified intangible assets acquired. The Company performs an annual impairment assessment, or more frequently if indicators of potential impairment exist, which includes evaluating qualitative and quantitative factors to assess the likelihood of an impairment of goodwill. Such indicators include, but not limited to, material departures from projected sales volume, deteriorating gross margins, and uncertainties regarding continued commercialization as a result of changing business strategies.

 

Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Intangible Assets, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Intangible Assets

 

Other intangible assets include developed technology, acquired intellectual property, and customer relationships, in the case of finite-lived intangibles, and trade names in the case of indefinite-lived intangibles. Finite-lived intangibles are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are tested for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually, or as deemed necessary if potential indicators of impairment exist. Such indicators include, but not limited to, material departures from projected sales volume, deteriorating gross margins, and uncertainties regarding continued commercialization as a result of changing business strategies.

 

Warrant Valuation [Policy Text Block]

Warrant Valuation

 

The Company generally accounts for warrants issued in connection with equity financings as a component of equity, unless the warrants include a conditional obligation to issue a variable number of shares or there is a deemed possibility that it may need to settle the warrants in cash.

 

Where there is a possibility that the Company may have to settle warrants in cash, it estimates the fair value of the issued warrants as a liability at each reporting date and records changes in the estimated fair value as a non-cash gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The fair values of these warrants have been determined using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (the “Black-Scholes Model”) and the Binomial Lattice model (the "Lattice Model"). The Black-Scholes Model requires inputs, such as the expected volatility, expected term, exercise price, risk-free interest rate, and the value of the underlying security. The Lattice Model provides for assumptions regarding expected volatility, expected term, exercise price, risk-free interest rates, the value of the underlying security, and the probability of and likely timing of a specific event within the period to maturity. These values are subject to a significant degree of the Company's judgment. In addition to the aforementioned inputs, the Company’s common stock price represents a significant input that affects the valuation of the warrants.

 

Share-Based Compensation Non-option Equity Instrument [Policy Text Block]

Phantom Performance-based Restricted Stock Valuation

 

On  November 5, 2025, the Company issued phantom performance-based restricted stock units ("Phantom PSUs") to its executive officers in order to assist in retention, drive stockholder growth, and achieve the Company's strategic goals. Each award of the Phantom PSUs is scheduled to vest upon achievement of each of the following two performance requirements within the five-year period following the date of grant, in each case subject to the applicable executive officers' continued employment through the applicable date of achievement: (i) the occurrence of a change in control, and (ii) achievement of a stock price of at least $7.50.

 

As of both the grant date and December 31, 2025, the Company determined that the change in control condition, or triggering event, of the Phantom PSUs was not probable. If the change in control condition is deemed to be probable as of a future reporting date, the Company would account for the Phantom PSUs as a liability due to their settlement in cash, based on the estimated fair value measured at each reporting date, in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation. Subsequently, the Company would record changes in the estimated fair value as a component of operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. As long as the Company considers the change in control condition to be probable as of the reporting date, the Phantom PSUs will be remeasured at fair value until settlement, which are to be settled in cash only.

 

The fair values of these Phantom PSUs will be determined using the Monte Carlo simulation model. The Monte Carlo simulation model requires inputs, such as the expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rate, and the value of the underlying security. The Monte Carlo simulation model provides for assumptions regarding expected volatility, expected term, risk-free interest rates, the value of the underlying security, and the probability of and likely timing of a specific event within the expected term. These values are subject to a significant degree of the Company's judgment. The Company’s common stock price represents a significant input that affects the valuation of the Phantom PSUs. Changes in these assumptions could have potential material impacts on the estimated fair value of the Phantom PSU liabilities.

 

When the triggering events are determined to be probable, the fair values, representing the expected cash settlement of the Phantom PSUs, will be included as a component of operating expenses, under the captions "General and administrative" and "Research and development," in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss, and the corresponding liability will be included as a component of Accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

 

Going Concern [Policy Text Block]

Going Concern

 

The Company assesses its ability to continue as a going concern in accordance with ASC 205-40, Presentation of Financial Statements Going Concern. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. Refer to Note 1. Organization – Liquidity and Going Concern for additional information regarding the Company's assessment of its ability to continue as a going concern.

 

Revenue from Contract with Customer [Policy Text Block]

Revenue Recognition

 

The Company records its revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue is recognized upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for those products or services. The Company enters into contracts that can include various combinations of products and services, which when capable of being distinct, are accounted for as separate performance obligations. Revenue recognition is evaluated based on the following five steps: (i) identification of the contract with the customer; (ii) identification of the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determination of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract; and (v) recognition of revenue when or as a performance obligation is satisfied.

 

For multiple-element arrangements, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling prices are determined based on observable prices at which the Company separately sells its products or services. If a standalone selling price is not directly observable, judgment is made to estimate the selling price based on market conditions and entity-specific factors including cost plus analyses, features and functionality of the product and/or services, the geography of the Company’s customers, and type of customer. Any discounts or other reductions to the transaction price are allocated proportionately to all performance obligations within the multiple-element arrangement. The Company periodically validates the stand-alone selling price for performance obligations by evaluating whether changes in the key assumptions used to determine the stand-alone selling prices will have a significant effect on the allocation of transaction price between multiple performance obligations.

 

The Company generally does not grant a right of return for its products. The Company exercised judgement to determine that a product return reserve was not required as of December 31, 2025 and 2024, as historical returns activity have not been material and the Company's expectations and estimates regarding future returns have not changed.

 

Research and Development Expense, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Research and Development

 

Research and development costs consist of costs incurred for internal research and development activities. These costs primarily include salaries and other personnel-related expenses, contractor fees, prototype materials, facility costs, supplies, and depreciation of equipment associated with the design and development of new products prior to the establishment of their technological feasibility. Such costs are expensed as incurred.

 

Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Income Taxes

 

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, income tax expense or benefit is recognized for the amount of taxes payable or refundable for the current year and for deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company's consolidated financial statements or tax returns. The Company accounts for any income tax contingencies in accordance with accounting guidance for income taxes. The measurement of current and deferred tax assets and liabilities is based on provisions of currently enacted tax laws. The effects of any future changes in tax laws or rates have not been considered.
 
For the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements included herein, the Company estimates its income taxes and tax contingencies in each of the tax jurisdictions in which it operates prior to the completion and filing of its tax returns. This process involves estimating actual current tax expense together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items, such as deferred revenue, for tax and accounting purposes. These differences result in net deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company must then assess the likelihood that the deferred tax assets will be realizable, and to the extent they believe that realizability is not likely, the Company must establish a valuation allowance. In assessing the need for any additional valuation allowance, the Company considers all the evidence available to it, both positive and negative, including historical levels of income, legislative developments, expectations and risks associated with estimates of future taxable income, and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies.

 

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Policy Text Block]

Stock-based Compensation

 

The Company measures stock-based compensation expense for restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance stock units ("PSUs") made to employees and directors based on the Company’s closing stock price on the date of grant and recognizes the value on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards. The Company's Phantom PSUs are discussed in the Phantom Performance-based Restricted Stock Valuation above in this Note 2.

 

The Company records compensation expense for service-based awards on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the award. For awards with performance-based conditions, at the point that it becomes probable that the performance conditions will be met, the Company records a cumulative catch-up of the expense from the grant date to the current date, and then amortizes the remainder of the expense over the remaining service period. Management evaluates when the achievement of a performance-based condition is probable based on the expected satisfaction of the performance conditions as of the reporting date. The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest. The Company accounts for forfeitures as they occur.

 

The Company measures stock-based compensation expense for stock options granted to employees and directors based on the estimated fair value of the award on the date of grant and recognizes the fair value on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards. The Company determines the fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes Model, which is affected by the Company’s stock price and assumptions regarding a number of subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, the Company’s stock price, volatility over the term of the awards, and actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors. Due to the lack of sufficient historical exercise data to provide a reasonable basis upon which to estimate expected term, the Company adopted the simplified method of estimating the expected term pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin Topic 14. On this basis, the Company estimated the expected term of options granted by taking the average of the vesting term and the contractual term of the option.

 

The Company has, from time to time, modified the terms of its stock options and RSUs to certain employees and directors. The Company accounts for the incremental compensation cost, which is the excess of the fair value of the modified award on the date of modification over the fair value of the original award immediately before the modification, as an expense for vested awards or over the remaining service (vesting) period for unvested awards.

 

Employee Retention Credit [Policy Text Block]

Employee Retention Credit

 

On March 27, 2020, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the U.S. Congress enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”). The CARES Act, along with other subsequent federal acts that extended the aid, allowed eligible employers to claim employee retention credits (“ERC”) for qualified wages paid after March 12, 2020 and before January 1, 2022. We qualified for credits under the provisions of the CARES Act for the entire period subsequent to January 1, 2021, through June 30, 2021. The Company elected to account for the ERC as a government grant. As there is no authoritative guidance under U.S. GAAP on accounting for grants to for-profit business entities from government entities, the Company accounts for government assistance by analogy to International Accounting Standards Topic 20, Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance (“IAS 20"). Under IAS 20, government grants are recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the grant will be received and that all conditions related to the grant will be met.


We received ERCs of $523 in August 2025, of which $454 was recorded as an offset to the related employee payroll expenses as a component of operating expenses, under the captions "Sales and marketing," "Research and development," and "General and administrative," and $69 was recorded under the caption "Interest expense, net" in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the year ended December 31, 2025. These credits, due to the uncertainty of eventual receipt following claims made, were not recognized until receipt. There can be no assurance that the Company's ERCs received may not be examined by the Internal Revenue Service, and if examined, possibly challenged as to a portion or all of the benefit received, which if required to be returned, would have an adverse impact on the Company's liquidity.

 

New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block]

Accounting Pronouncements Adopted in 2025

 

For the year ended December 31, 2025, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09") on a prospective basis. This standard improves the transparency of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the effective tax rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. It also includes certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements and related consolidated disclosures. Refer to Note 14. Income Taxes for additional information regarding the adoption of ASU 2023-09.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In December 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-11, Interim Reporting (Topic 270): Narrow-Scope Improvements ("ASU 2025-11"), which clarifies interim disclosure requirements and the applicability of Topic 270. The guidance will be effective for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. Upon adoption, the guidance can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its related consolidated financial statements and disclosures and does not expect to early adopt.

 

In July 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets (“ASU 2025-05”), which provides a practical expedient for estimating expected credit losses for current accounts receivable and current contract assets. ASU 2025-05 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods, with early adoption permitted. ASU 2025-05 should be applied prospectively. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2025-05 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related consolidated disclosures.

 

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“ASU 2024-03”), which requires disclosure about the types of costs and expenses included in certain expense captions presented on the income statement. The new disclosure requirements are effective for the Company’s fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of this pronouncement on its related consolidated disclosures and does not expect to early adopt.