12. Capitalization and Equity Structure

Summary

The Company’s authorized capital stock as of  December 31, 2024 consisted of 141,429 shares of common stock and 10,000 shares of preferred stock. As of December 31, 2024, there were 22,203 shares of common stock issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Common Stock

The holders of outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of assets or funds legally available for the payment of dividends at such times and in such amounts as the Board of Directors may determine. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. There is no cumulative voting for the election of directors. The common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion or redemption. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the assets legally available for distribution to stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of the common stock after payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding payment of other claims of creditors. Each outstanding share of common stock is duly and validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.

September 2024 Offering

On August 29, 2024, the Company entered into an underwriting agreement with Craig-Hallum Capital Group LLC as underwriter (the "Underwriter") pursuant to which the Company issued and sold, in a firm commitment underwritten public offering (the "September 2024 Offering"), 3,100 shares of common stock, a Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase 2,900 shares of common stock (the "Pre-Funded Warrant"), Series A Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 6,000 shares of common stock (the "Series A Warrants"), and Series B Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 6,000 shares of common stock (the "Series B Warrants"). The September 2024 Offering closed on September 3, 2024. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $5,003 in the September 2024 Offering, after deducting the underwriting discount and commissions and offering expenses paid by the Company. The Company is using the net proceeds from the September 2024 Offering for general corporate purposes, which includes growth and expansion of our Personal Health products as the Company works to increase its revenue following the establishment of Medicare CMS reimbursement of the Ekso Indego Personal device, research and development activities, selling, general and administrative costs, pursuing strategic initiatives, and meeting the Company's other working capital needs.

January 2024 Offering

On January 10, 2024, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement with certain institutional investors to sell an aggregate of 2,968 shares of the Company’s common stock in a registered direct offering (the “January 2024 Offering”) at an offering price of $1.55 per share. The net proceeds of the January 2024 Offering were approximately $3,932 after deducting placement agent fees and offering expenses paid by the Company. The Company used the net proceeds from the January 2024 Offering for general corporate purposes, which included research and development activities, selling, general and administrative costs, strategic initiatives and to meet working capital needs.

At the Market Offering

In October 2020, the Company entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the "ATM Agreement") with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the "Agent"), under which the Company may issue and sell shares of its common stock, from time to time, to or through the Agent. Offers and sales of shares of common stock by the Company through the Agent may be made by any method deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined under SEC Rule 415 or in privately negotiated transactions, subject to certain conditions. Such shares may be offered pursuant to the registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-272607) (the “Registration Statement”), which was declared effective by the SEC on June 20, 2023, and a related prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on July 28, 2023 (the “ATM Prospectus”). Pursuant to the Registration Statement and the ATM Prospectus, shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $5,000 may be offered and sold, subject to certain SEC rules limiting the amount of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be sold by the Company under the Registration Statement. In June 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the ATM Agreement that removed the requirement that shares of the Company's common stock may not be sold for a price lower than $6.75 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company sold 105 shares of common stock under the ATM Agreement at an average price of $1.43, for aggregate proceeds of $85, net of commission and issuance costs. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company sold 451 shares of common stock under the ATM Agreement at an average price of $1.59, for aggregate proceeds of $661, net of commission and issuance costs. As of December 31, 2024, the Company has $4,134 available for future offerings under the prospectus filed with respect to the ATM Agreement.

Preferred Stock

The Company may issue shares of preferred stock from time to time in one or more series, each of which will have such distinctive designation or title as shall be determined by its Board of Directors and will have such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated in such resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such class or series of preferred stock as may be adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors.

Warrants

Warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and  December 31, 2023 were as follows:

(*) The September 2024 Pre-Funded Warrant exercise term does not expire.

335 warrants were exercised during the year ended  December 31, 2024, compared to no warrants exercised during the same period of 2023. The weighted average exercise price of the warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2024 was $1.34.

September 2024 Warrants

In September 2024, the Company issued the Pre-Funded Warrant to purchase 2,900 shares of common stock, with an exercise price of $0.001 per share, for $2,897 in aggregate cash proceeds, which represents the September 2024 Offering price for the Company's common stock of $1.00, less the per share exercise price. The Pre-Funded Warrant was exercisable immediately and does not expire.

In September 2024, the Company issued the Series A Warrants, which are exercisable for an aggregate of up to 6,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The Series A Warrants were exercisable immediately and expire on September 4, 2029.

In September 2024, the Company issued the Series B Warrants, which are exercisable for an aggregate of up to 6,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share. The Series B Warrants were exercisable immediately and expire on September 3, 2025.

The Pre-Funded Warrant, the Series A Warrants, and the Series B Warrants (collectively, the “September 2024 Warrants”) may be exercised, at the holder’s discretion, by (i) payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise or (ii) if there is not an effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of, the underlying common stock, a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the applicable September 2024 Warrant. However, a holder will not be entitled to exercise any portion of the September 2024 Warrants if the holder’s ownership of the Company’s common stock would exceed 4.99% (the “Beneficial Ownership Limitation”). The holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase the Beneficial Ownership Limitation to 9.99%, which increase shall not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.

In the event the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the applicable September 2024 Warrant, the Pre-Funded Warrant shall be automatically cashless exercised, and the holders of the Series A Warrants and Series B Warrants will be entitled to receive, upon exercise of these warrants, the kind of amounts of securities, cash, or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised these warrants immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction without regard to the Beneficial Ownership Limitation contained in such September 2024 Warrant. In addition, upon a Fundamental Transaction, subject to certain limitations and exceptions, the holder of the Series A Warrant may put the warrant back to the Company for an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of the Series A Warrant, however, if such Fundamental Transaction is not considered within control of the Company, and not approved by the Company's Board of Directors, then the holder of the Series A Warrant would not be able to put the Series A Warrant back to the Company for cash.

The September 2024 Warrants are classified as a component of stockholders’ equity within additional paid-in capital and were recorded at the September 2024 Public Offering issuance date. The September 2024 Warrants are equity classified because they (i) are freestanding financial instruments that are legally detachable and separately exercisable from the equity instruments, (ii) are immediately exercisable, (iii) do not embody an obligation for the Company to repurchase its shares, (iv) permit the holders to receive a fixed number of shares of common stock upon exercise, (v) are indexed to the Company’s common stock, and (vi) meet the equity classification criteria. In addition, such September 2024 Warrants do not provide any guarantee of value or return.

2021 Warrants

In February 2021, the Company issued warrants ("the 2021 Warrants"), exercisable for up to 273 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $12.81 per share. The 2021 Warrants were exercisable immediately and expire on February 11, 2026. The 2021 Warrants  may be exercised, at the holder’s discretion, by (i) payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise or (ii) if there is not an effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of, the underlying common stock, a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the 2021 Warrant. However, a holder will not be entitled to exercise any portion of the 2021 Warrants if the holder’s ownership of the Company’s common stock would exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase the Beneficial Ownership Limitation to 9.99%, which increase shall not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.

The 2021 Warrants will be automatically exercised on a cashless basis on their expiration date. The 2021 Warrants also contain a put option, under which, if the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the 2021 Warrants, the Company or any successor entity will, at the option of a holder of a 2021 Warrant, exercisable concurrently with or at any time within 30 days after the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, purchase such holder’s 2021 Warrant by paying to such holder an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of such holder’s 2021 Warrant within five trading days after the notice of exercise by the holder of the put option. Because of this put-option provision, the 2021 Warrants are classified as a liability and are marked to market at each reporting date.

The warrant liability related to the 2021 Warrants is measured at fair value upon issuance and at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the 2021 Warrants:

June 2020 Investor Warrants

In June 2020, the Company issued warrants (the "June 2020 Investor Warrants"), exercisable for up to 874 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $5.18 per share. The June 2020 Investor Warrants were immediately exercisable and expire on December 10, 2025. The June 2020 Investor Warrants  may be exercised, at the holder’s discretion, by (i) payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise or (ii) if there is not an effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of, the underlying common stock, a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the June 2020 Investor Warrant. However, a holder will not be entitled to exercise any portion of the June 2020 Investor Warrants if the holder’s ownership of the Company’s common stock would exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase the Beneficial Ownership Limitation to 9.99%, which increase shall not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.

The June 2020 Investor Warrants will be automatically exercised on a cashless basis on their expiration date. The June 2020 Investor Warrants also contain a put option, under which, if the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the June 2020 Investor Warrants, the holders of the June 2020 Investor Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the June 2020 Investor Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the June 2020 Investor Warrants immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction. Alternatively, the Company or any successor entity will, at the option of a holder of a June 2020 Investor Warrant, exercisable concurrently with or at any time within 30 days after the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, purchase such holder’s June 2020 Investor Warrant by paying to such holder an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of such holder’s June 2020 Investor Warrant. Because of this put-option provision, the June 2020 Investor Warrants are classified as a liability and are marked to market at each reporting date.

The warrant liability related to the June 2020 Investor Warrants is measured at fair value at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the June 2020 Investor Warrants:

June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants

In June 2020, the Company issued warrants (the "June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants"), exercisable for up to 122 shares of the Company’s common stock, to the placement agent for such offering. The June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants have substantially the same form as the June 2020 Investor Warrants, including the put option described above, except that they have an exercise price per share equal to $5.64, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, and expire on June 7, 2025. 

Because of the put-option provision in the June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants, these warrants are classified as a liability and are marked to market at each reporting date.

The warrant liability related to the June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants is measured at fair value at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants:

December 2019 Warrants

In December 2019, pursuant to a securities purchase agreement (the "December 2019 Offering"), the Company issued warrants (the "December 2019 Warrants") to purchase 556 shares of common stock. The December 2019 Warrants are currently exercisable, have an exercise price of $8.10 per share, and expire on June 21, 2025. The December 2019 Warrants  may be exercised, at the holder’s discretion, by (i) payment in full in immediately available funds for the number of shares of common stock purchased upon such exercise or (ii) if there is not an effective registration statement registering, or the prospectus contained therein is not available for the issuance of, the underlying common stock, a cashless exercise, in which case the holder would receive upon such exercise the net number of shares of common stock determined according to the formula set forth in the December 2019 Warrant. However, a holder will not be entitled to exercise any portion of the December 2019 Warrants if the holder’s ownership of the Company’s common stock would exceed the Beneficial Ownership Limitation. The holder, upon notice to the Company, may increase the Beneficial Ownership Limitation to 9.99%, which increase shall not be effective until the 61st day after such notice is delivered to the Company.

The December 2019 Warrants will be automatically exercised on a cashless basis on their expiration date. The December 2019 Warrants also contain a put option, under which, if the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the December 2019 Warrants, the holders of the December 2019 Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the December 2019 Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the December 2019 Warrants immediately prior to such Fundamental Transaction. Alternatively, the Company or any successor entity will, at the option of a holder of a December 2019 Warrant, exercisable concurrently with or at any time within 30 days after the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, purchase such holder’s December 2019 Warrant by paying to such holder an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of such holder’s December 2019 Warrant within five trading days after the notice of exercise by the holder of the put option. Because of this put-option provision, the December 2019 Warrants are classified as a liability and are marked to market at each reporting date.

The warrant liability related to the December 2019 Warrants is measured at fair value at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the December 2019 Warrants:

December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants

In December 2019, in connection with the December 2019 Offering, the Company issued warrants to purchase 52 shares of the Company’s common stock to the placement agent for such offering (the "December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants"). The December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants had substantially the same form as the December 2019 Warrants, except that they had an exercise price per share equal to $8.44, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, and expired on December 18, 2024. 

The warrant liability related to the December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants was measured at fair value at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants:

May 2019 Warrants

In May 2019, pursuant to an underwriting agreement, (the "May 2019 Offering"), the Company issued warrants (the "May 2019 Warrants") to purchase 444 shares of common stock. The May 2019 Warrants had a five-year term from the date of issuance and expired in May 2024.

The warrant liability related to the May 2019 Warrants was measured at fair value at each reporting and exercise date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Because of the price protection feature contained in the May 2019 Warrants, the Company used a combination of the Black-Scholes Model and the Lattice Model to estimate the fair value of the warrants at each reporting period. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model in combination with the Lattice Model to measure the fair value of the May 2019 Warrants: