Annual report pursuant to Section 13 and 15(d)

Capitalization and Equity Structure

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Capitalization and Equity Structure
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Capitalization, Long-term Debt and Equity [Abstract]  
Capitalization and Equity Structure Capitalization and Equity StructureReverse Stock Split
After the close of the stock market on March 24, 2020, the Company effected a 1-for-15 reverse split of its common stock (the "Reverse Stock Split"). As a result, all common stock share amounts included in this filing have been retroactively reduced by a factor of fifteen, rounded up to the nearest whole share, and all common stock per share amounts have been increased by a factor of fifteen, with the exception of the Company's common stock par value and the Company's authorized shares. Amounts affected include common stock outstanding, restricted stock units, common stock underlying stock options and warrants.

Summary

The Company’s authorized capital stock at December 31, 2021 consisted of 141,429 shares of common stock and 10,000 shares of preferred stock. The authorized capital was not reduced in connection with the Reverse Stock Split. At December 31, 2021, there were 12,693 shares of common stock issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Common Stock

The holders of outstanding shares of common stock are entitled to receive dividends out of assets or funds legally available for the payment of dividends at such times and in such amounts as the Board of Directors may determine. Holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share held on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. There is no cumulative voting for the election of directors. The common stock is not entitled to preemptive rights and is not subject to conversion or redemption. Upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, the assets legally available for distribution to stockholders are distributable ratably among the holders of the common stock after payment of liquidation preferences, if any, on any outstanding payment of other claims of creditors. Each outstanding share of common stock is duly and validly issued, fully paid, and non-assessable.

February 2021 Offering

In February 2021, the Company entered into an amended and restated underwriting agreement (the "Underwriting Agreement") with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC ("Wainwright"), to sell 3,902 shares of the Company's common stock for a public price of $10.25 per share, for gross proceeds of $40,000 (the "February 2021 Offering"). The Company received net proceeds of $36,504 from the February 2021 Offering after deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering expenses. Pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, the Company issued, to certain designees of Wainwright, five year warrants (the “2021 Warrants”) to purchase shares of Common Stock in an amount equal to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares sold in the February 2021 Offering, or 273 shares, at an exercise price of $12.81 per share.

June 2020 Common Stock and Warrants to Purchase Common Stock Offering

In June 2020, the Company entered into a securities purchase agreement, or the June 2020 Purchase Agreement, with certain purchasers. Pursuant to the June 2020 Purchase Agreement, the Company sold in a registered direct offering, or the June 2020 Offering, an aggregate of 1,748 shares of its common stock. Pursuant to such agreement, the Company also sold, in a concurrent private placement offering, warrants to purchase 874 shares of its common stock, or the June 2020 Investor Warrants. The gross proceeds of the June 2020 Offering and the concurrent private placement offering were $7,890, the June 2020 Gross Proceeds. Each June 2020 Investor Warrant has an exercise price of $5.18 per share, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, and is exercisable immediately and will expire five and one-half years from issuance, or on December 10, 2025.

As compensation for services provided by the placement agent for the June 2020 Offering, or the Placement Agent, the Company paid a cash fee equal to 7.0% of the June 2020 Gross Proceeds ($552) and a management fee equal to 1.0% of the June 2020 Gross Proceeds ($79), and issued, in a concurrent private placement offering, warrants to purchase shares of the Company's common stock, or the June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants, in an amount equal to up to 7.0% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock sold in the June 2020 Offering, or 122 shares in the aggregate, in substantially the same form as the June 2020 Investor Warrants, except that the June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants will expire five years from the effective date of the June 2020 Offering, or on June 7, 2025, and have an exercise price per share equal to $5.64. In connection with the June 2020 Offering, the Company also incurred $98 in other expenses of the Placement Agent paid for or reimbursed by the Company.

Of the $7,890 in proceeds, $2,650 was allocated to the June 2020 Investor Warrants and June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants, or, collectively, the June 2020 Warrants, based on the fair value method, with the remaining proceeds of $5,240 allocated to the
common stock shares sold in the June 2020 Offering. In connection with the June 2020 Offering and concurrent private placement offerings, the Company incurred approximately $1,117 in direct financing costs, including a fair value of $309 of June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants. Financing costs of $808, excluding the fair value of the June 2020 Placement Agents Warrants, were allocated on the fair value basis between the common stock shares sold in the June 2020 Offering and the June 2020 Warrants, as follows: $329 was allocated to the June 2020 Warrants and expensed immediately in other income (expense), net in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss) and $479 was allocated to the common stock shares sold in the June 2020 Offering and recorded as a reduction to additional paid in capital. The direct financing cost of $309 associated with the June 2020 Placement Agent warrants was also allocated to the common stock shares sold in the June 2020 Offering and recorded as a reduction to additional paid in capital.

At the Market Offering

In October 2020, the Company entered into an At The Market Offering Agreement (the "ATM Agreement") with H.C. Wainwright & Co., LLC (the "Agent"), under which the Company may issue and sell shares of its common stock, from time to time, to or through the Agent. Offers and sales of shares of common stock by the Company through the Agent may be made by any method deemed to be an “at the market offering” as defined under SEC Rule 415 or in privately negotiated transactions, subject to certain conditions. Such shares may be offered pursuant to the registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-239203) (the “Registration Statement”), which was declared effective by the SEC on June 26, 2020, and a related prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on October 9, 2020 (the “ATM Prospectus”). Pursuant to the Registration Statement and the ATM Prospectus, shares having an aggregate offering price of up to $7,500 may be offered and sold, subject to certain SEC rules limiting the amount of shares of the Company’s common stock that may be sold by the Company under the Registration Statement. Under the ATM Agreement, shares of the Company's common stock may not be sold for a price lower than $6.75 per share. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company sold 78 shares of common stock at an average price per share of $10.72 for proceeds of $791, net of commission and issuance costs, under the ATM Agreement. As of December 31, 2021, the Company has $6,668 available for future offerings under the prospectus filed with respect to the ATM Agreement.

In August 2018, the Company entered into a Controlled Equity OfferingSM Sales Agreement with Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (the "Cantor Agreement"). Prior to entering into the ATM Agreement, the Company terminated the Cantor Agreement in September 2020.

Preferred Stock

The Company may issue shares of preferred stock from time to time in one or more series, each of which will have such distinctive designation or title as shall be determined by its Board of Directors and will have such voting powers, full or limited, or no voting powers, and such preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights and such qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, as shall be stated in such resolution or resolutions providing for the issue of such class or series of preferred stock as may be adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors.

Warrants

Warrant shares outstanding as of December 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows:
Source Exercise
Price		 Term
(Years)		 December 31, 2020 Issued Expired Exercised December 31, 2021
2021 Warrants $ 12.81  5 —  273  —  —  273 
June 2020 Investor Warrants $ 5.18  5.5 397  —  —  (270) 127 
June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants $ 5.64  5 122  —  —  (83) 39 
December 2019 Warrants $ 8.10  5 556  —  —  —  556 
December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants $ 8.44  5 52  —  —  —  52 
May 2019 Warrants $ 3.52  3 198  —  —  (5) 193 
  1,325  273  —  (358) 1,240 
During the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company received net proceeds of $1,417 and $1,436 from the exercise of 358 and 723 warrants and issued 300 and 723 shares of common stock, respectively, as a result of those exercises. The weighted average exercise price of the warrants outstanding as of December 31, 2021 was $8.06.
2021 Warrants

In February 2021, the Company issued the 2021 Warrants, exercisable for up to 273 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $12.81 per share. The 2021 Warrants were issued as exercisable immediately, and will expire five years from the date of issuance, or on February 11, 2026.

In addition, the 2021 Warrants contain a cashless exercise provision, whereby, if, at the time a holder exercises its 2021 Warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance or the resale of the shares of common stock underlying the 2021 Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to the Company upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect to instead receive, upon such exercise (either in whole or in part), the net number of shares of the Company’s common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the 2021 Warrants. The 2021 Warrants will be automatically exercised on a cashless basis on their expiration date. The 2021 Warrants could also require payment of liquidated damages by the Company in the form of cash payments in the event of a failure by the Company to timely deliver shares of common stock upon exercise of such warrants.

The 2021 Warrants also contain a put option, under which, if the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the 2021 Warrants, the Company or any successor entity will, at the option of a holder of a 2021 Warrant, exercisable concurrently with or at any time within 30 days after the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, purchase such holder’s 2021 Warrant by paying to such holder an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of such holder’s 2021 Warrant within five trading days after the notice of exercise by the holder of the put option. Because of this put option provision, the 2021 Warrants are classified as a liability and are marked to market at each reporting date.

The warrant liability related to the 2021 Warrants is measured at fair value upon issuance and at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the 2021 Warrants:
December 31, 2021 February 11, 2021
Current share price $ 2.65  $ 9.61 
Conversion price $ 12.81  $ 12.81 
Risk-free interest rate 1.13  % 0.46  %
Expected term (years) 4.11 5
Volatility of stock 98.3  % 107.1  %

June 2020 Investor Warrants

In June 2020, the Company issued the June 2020 Investor Warrants, exercisable for up to 874 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $5.18 per share. The June 2020 Warrants were issued as exercisable immediately, and will expire five and one-half years from the date of issuance, or on December 10, 2025.

In addition, the June 2020 Investor Warrants contain a cashless exercise provision, whereby, if, at the time a holder exercises its June 2020 Investor Warrants, a registration statement registering the issuance or the resale of the shares of common stock underlying the June 2020 Investor Warrants under the Securities Act is not then effective or available for the issuance of such shares, then in lieu of making the cash payment otherwise contemplated to be made to the Company upon such exercise in payment of the aggregate exercise price, the holder may elect to instead receive, upon such exercise (either in whole or in part), the net number of shares of the Company’s common stock determined according to a formula set forth in the June 2020 Investor Warrant. The June 2020 Investor Warrants will be automatically exercised on a cashless basis on their expiration date.
The June 2020 Investor Warrants could also require payment of liquidated damages by the Company in the form of cash payments in the event of a failure by the Company to timely deliver shares of common stock upon exercise of such warrants. During the year ended December 31, 2021, 270 shares of the June 2020 Warrants were exercised.

The June 2020 Investor Warrants also contain a put option, under which, if the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the June 2020 Investor Warrants, as defined in the June 2020 Investor Warrants, the holders of the June 2020 Investor Warrants will be entitled to receive upon exercise of the June 2020 Investor Warrants the kind and amount of securities, cash or other property that the holders would have received had they exercised the June 2020 Investor Warrants immediately prior to such fundamental transaction. Alternatively, the Company or any successor entity will, at the option of a holder of a June 2020 Investor Warrant, exercisable concurrently with or at any time within 30 days after the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, purchase such holder’s June 2020 Investor Warrant by paying to such holder an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of such holder’s June 2020 Investor Warrant. Because of this put-option provision, the June 2020 Investor Warrants are classified as a liability and are marked to market at each reporting date.

The warrant liability related to the June 2020 Investor Warrants is measured at fair value upon issuance and at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the June 2020 Investor Warrants:
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
Current share price $ 2.65  $ 6.13 
Conversion price $ 5.18  $ 5.18 
Risk-free interest rate 1.11  % 0.35  %
Expected term (years) 3.94 4.94
Volatility of stock 103.9  % 105.3  %

June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants

In June 2020, the Company issued the June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants, exercisable for up to 122 shares of the Company’s common stock, to the placement agent for such offering. The June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants have substantially the same form as the June 2020 Investor Warrants, including the put option described above, except that they have an exercise price per share equal to $5.64, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, and will expire on June 7, 2025. During the year ended December 31, 2021, 83 shares of the June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants were exercised.

Because of the put-option provision in the June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants, these warrants are classified as a liability and are marked to market at each reporting date.

The warrant liability related to the June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants is measured at fair value at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the June 2020 Placement Agent Warrants:

December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
Current share price $ 2.65  $ 6.13 
Conversion price $ 5.64  $ 5.64 
Risk-free interest rate 1.03  % 0.31  %
Expected term (years) 3.44 4.44
Volatility of stock 100.0  % 106.8  %

December 2019 Warrants

In December 2019, pursuant to a securities purchase agreement (the "December 2019 Offering") the Company issued warrants (the "December 2019 Warrants") to purchase 556 shares of common stock. The December 2019 Warrants are currently
exercisable and have an exercise price of $8.10 per share, and will expire five years from the date they initially became exercisable, or on June 21, 2025.

The December 2019 Warrants also contain a put option, under which, if the Company enters into a Fundamental Transaction, as defined in the December 2019 Warrants, the Company or any successor entity will, at the option of a holder of a December 2019 Warrant, exercisable concurrently with or at any time within 30 days after the consummation of such Fundamental Transaction, purchase such holder’s December 2019 Warrant by paying to such holder an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of such holder’s December 2019 Warrant within five trading days after the notice of exercise by the holder of the put option. Because of this put-option provision, the December 2019 Warrants are classified as a liability and are marked to market at each reporting date.

The warrant liability related to the December 2019 Warrants is measured at fair value at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the December 2019 Warrants:
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
Current share price $ 2.65  $ 6.13 
Conversion price $ 8.10  $ 8.10 
Risk-free interest rate 1.04  % 0.31  %
Expected term (years) 3.47 4.47
Volatility of stock 99.7  % 107.9  %

December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants
 
In December 2019, in connection with the December 2019 Offering, the Company issued warrants to purchase 556 shares of the Company’s common stock to the placement agent for such offering (the "December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants"). The December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants have substantially the same form as the December 2019 Warrants, except that they have an exercise price per share equal to $8.10, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances, and will expire on December 18, 2025.

The warrant liability related to the December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants is measured at fair value at each reporting date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in the Black-Scholes Model to measure the fair value of the December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants:
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
Current share price $ 2.65  $ 6.13 
Conversion price $ 8.44  $ 8.44 
Risk-free interest rate 0.96  % 0.26  %
Expected term (years) 2.97 3.97
Volatility of stock 102.9  % 109.4  %

Management has assessed that the likelihood of a Change of Control (as defined in the December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants) occurring during the term of the December 2019 Placement Agent Warrants is low, and that if such an event were to occur, the difference between the cashless exercise value and the warrants fair value is nominal.

May 2019 Warrants

In May 2019, pursuant to an underwriting agreement, (the "May 2019 Offering"), the Company issued warrants (the "May 2019 Warrants") to purchase 444 shares of common stock. The May 2019 Warrants are currently exercisable and have a current exercise price of $3.52 per share, and will expire five years from the date of their issuance, or on May 24, 2024. The May 2019 Warrants contain a price protection feature, pursuant to which, subject to certain exceptions, if shares of common stock are sold or issued in the future, or securities convertible or exercisable for shares of the Company’s common stock are sold or issued in
the future, for consideration, or with an exercise price or conversion price, as applicable, per share less than the exercise price per share then in effect for the May 2019 Warrants, the exercise price of the May 2019 Warrants is reduced to the consideration paid for, or the exercise price or conversion price of, as the case may be, the securities issued in such offering. Pursuant to this provision, in connection with the June 2020 Offering, the exercise price of the May 2019 Warrants was reduced to $3.52 per share, being the amount that is equal to the lower of (x) the consideration paid for the securities issued in the June 2020 Offering, or $4.51 per share, (y) the lowest exercise price of the June 2020 Warrants, or $5.18, and (z) the lowest one-day volume-weighted average price of the Company’s Common Stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market as measured each day during the five trading day period starting on June 8, 2020, rounded to the nearest share, or $3.52. During the year ended December 31, 2021, 5 shares of the May 2019 warrants were exercised.

In addition, if the Company effects or enters into any issuance of common stock or options or convertible securities exercisable for or convertible into common stock at a price which varies or may vary with the market price of the shares of the Company's common stock, subject to certain exceptions, a May 2019 Warrant holder may, at the time of exercise of the holder’s warrant, elect to exercise the warrant at such variable price.

The May 2019 Warrants include a put option, whereby while the May 2019 Warrants are outstanding, if the Company enters into a Change of Control, as defined in the May 2019 Warrants, the Company or any successor entity will, at the option of a 2019 Warrant holder exercise within 90 days after the public disclosure of the Change of Control transaction, purchase such holder’s May 2019 Warrants by paying to such holder an amount of cash equal to the Black-Scholes value of the remaining unexercised portion of such warrants on the later date of consummation of the Change of Control transaction or two trading days after the notice of such request. Because of this put option provision, the May 2019 Warrants are classified as a liability and are marked to market at each reporting date.

The warrant liability related to the May 2019 Warrants is measured at fair value at each reporting and exercise date using certain estimated inputs, which are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The following assumptions were used in a combination of the Black-Scholes Model and the Lattice Model to measure the fair value of the May 2019 Warrants:
December 31, 2021 December 31, 2020
Current share price $ 2.65  $ 6.13 
Conversion price $ 3.52  $ 3.52 
Risk-free interest rate 0.83  % 0.21  %
Expected term (years) 2.40 3.40
Volatility of stock 109.1  % 107.2  %

Management has assessed that the likelihood of a Change of Control occurring during the term of the warrants is low, and that if such an event were to occur, the difference between the cashless exercise value and the May 2019 Warrants fair value is nominal.